1995
Embargo: 10:30
Date: 29 November 1996
Read the following notice with regard to the eleven official languages
Table of contents
Table 1 - SUMMARY - POPULATION IN URBAN AND NON-URBAN AREAS BY
- PROVINCE, POPULATION GROUP AND GENDER
Table 2 - WORKERS (EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES) - BY INDUSTRY,
POPULATION GROUP AND GENDER
Table 3 - INFORMAL SECTOR - TOTAL NUMBER OF WORKERS - TOTAL NUMBER OF
WORKERS INVOLVED IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR BY POPULATION GROUP
Table 4 - UNEMPLOYED - BY STRICT AND EXPANDED DEFINITION, POPULATION
GROUP AND GENDER
Table 5 - MIGRATION - POPULATION GROUP BY PROVINCE PRESENTLY RESIDING
AND PLACE OF BIRTH
Table 6 - DWELLINGS AND SERVICES AVAILABLE FOR DWELLING
Table 7 - HOUSEHOLDS IN URBAN AND NON-URBAN AREAS
Table 8 - EDUCATION
Table 9 - QUALITY OF LIFE
Table 10 - HEALTH STATISTICS
| The CSS has copyright on this information. You are, however, free to apply it as you wish provided that you acknowledge the CSS as the source of the basic data wherever you process, apply, utilize, publish or distribute the data; and also that you specify that the relevant application and analyses (where applicable) result from your own processing of the data. |
Dr F M Orkin Head: Central Statistical Service
|
||
| Tel. (012) 310-8095/310-8040 | Tel. (012) 310-8351/310-8390 | Tel. (012) 310-8109 (technical enquiries) |
| Private Bag X44, Pretoria, 0001 |
Fax: 310-8500 310-8501 | e-mail: info@css.pwv.gov.za |
RBAN AND NON-URBAN INEQUALITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA
A programme of household surveys should make it possible to measure change in people's life circumstances at
a given point in time.
In South Africa, the first comprehensive CSS household survey in the country was conducted in October 1993.
It was repeated, with modifications to the questionnaire, in 1994 and 1995. The former "TBVC states"
Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei) were originally excluded, but in 1994 and 1995, the entire
country was included.
These tables summarise the findings of the 1995 October Household Survey (OHS). Since different methodologies
were used for drawing the samples in 1994 and 1995, these OHS data sets are not directly comparable in all
respects. They are essentially separate snapshots during two consecutive years.
The 1995 OHS has shown that vast inequalities exist in the country, not only racial differences, but also
discrepancies in urban and non-urban life circumstances. Of the estimated 31,7 million Africans, 19,8 million
live in non-urban areas. Proportionately more young African children, women and older people than men are
found in non-urban areas. The education level of inhabitants tends to be lower in non-urban areas, and income
generating or employment opportunities are fewer.
African households in non-urban areas are unlikely to have access to electricity, tap-water, flush toilets
or telephones. Fetching wood and carrying water are important non-urban life-sustaining activities.
Unemployment in the country remains high (29%, using the expanded definition), but slightly lower than 1994
(33%, using the same definition). However, this definition of unemployment does not necessarily take into
account how people sustain themselves and their households. Work is not necessarily waged work, and
householders may be involved in such activities as subsistence agriculture, exchange of goods and services or
fuel gathering, which are essentially unpaid activities.
These tables should be used together with the separate summary report "Living in South Africa", which gives a
written and graphic description of the main findings. This report is available from the CSS.
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| Table | Table of contents | Page |
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| | | |
| | EXPLANATORY NOTES | v |
| | | |
| 1 | SUMMARY | |
| | | |
| 1.1.1 | Population in urban and non-urban areas by | 1 |
| | province, population group and gender | |
| | | |
| 1.1.2 | Population in urban and non-urban areas by | 3 |
| | age group, population group and gender | |
| | | |
| 1.2 | Economically and not economically active population | |
| | (15 years and older) in urban and non-urban areas | |
| | by province and gender | |
| 1.2.1 | Total | 5 |
| 1.2.2 | Africans/Blacks | 7 |
| 1.2.3 | Coloureds | 9 |
| 1.2.4 | Indians/Asians | 11 |
| 1.2.5 | Whites | 13 |
| | | |
| 2 | WORKERS (EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYEES) | |
| | | |
| 2.1 | By industry, population group and gender | 15 |
| | | |
| 2.2 | By occupation, population group and gender | 16 |
| | | |
| 2.3 | Employees by gross monthly earnings from | |
| | main occupational group and gender | |
| 2.3.1 | Total | 17 |
| 2.3.2 | Africans/Blacks | 19 |
| 2.3.3 | Coloureds | 21 |
| 2.3.4 | Indians/Asians | 23 |
| 2.3.5 | Whites | 25 |
| | | |
| 2.4 | Employers and workers for own account (self-employed) | |
| | by gross monthly income, main occupational group and gender | |
| 2.4.1 | Total | 27 |
| 2.4.2 | Africans/Blacks | 29 |
| 2.4.3 | Coloureds | 31 |
| 2.4.4 | Indians/Asians | 33 |
| 2.4.5 | Whites | 35 |
| | | |
| 3 | INFORMAL SECTOR | |
| | | |
| 3.1 | Total number of workers | |
| | | |
| 3.1.1 | Total number of workers involved in | 37 |
| | the informal sector by population group | |
| | | |
| 3.2 | Workers for own account (self-employed) | |
| | | |
| 3.2.1 | By monthly contribution to the gross domestic | 38 |
| | product (GDP), industry and population group | |
| | | |
| 3.2.2 | By industry, population group and gender | 39 |
| | | |
| 3.2.3 | By occupation, population group and gender | 40 |
| | | |
| 3.2.4 | By province, population group and gender | 43 |
| | | |
| 4 | UNEMPLOYED | |
| | | |
| 4.1 | By strict and expanded definition, | 45 |
| | population group and gender | |
| | | |
| 4.2 | By age, population group and gender | 46 |
| | | |
| 4.3 | By level of education, population group and gender | 47 |
| | | |
| 4.4 | By previous occupation, population group and gender | 48 |
| | | |
| 5 | MIGRATION | |
| | | |
| 5.1 | Population group by province presently residing | 49 |
| | and place of birth | |
| | | |
| 6 | DWELLINGS AND SERVICES AVAILABLE FOR DWELLING | |
| | | |
| 6.1 | Type of dwelling in urban and non-urban areas by average | |
| | estimated value of dwelling and number of rooms in dwelling | |
| 6.1.1 | Total | 51 |
| 6.1.2 | Africans/Blacks | 52 |
| 6.1.3 | Coloureds | 53 |
| 6.1.4 | Indians/Asians | 54 |
| 6.1.5 | Whites | 55 |
| | | |
| 6.2 | Type of dwelling by main materials used for roof and walls | 56 |
| | | |
| 6.3 | Main source of domestic water for drinking purposes in | 57 |
| | urban and non-areas by population group: | |
| | Percentage distribution and total number of dwellings | |
| | | |
| 6.4 | Availability of domestic water in urban and non-urban areas | 59 |
| | by population group: | |
| | Percentage distribution and total number of dwellings | |
| | | |
| 6.5 | Main source of energy in urban and non-urban areas | 61 |
| | by population group: | |
| | Percentage distribution and total number of dwellings | |
| | | |
| 6.6 | Main source of wood in urban and non-urban areas, | 64 |
| | if wood is main energy source for either cooking or heating: | |
| | Percentage distribution and total number of dwellings | |
| | | |
| 6.7 | Sanitation facilities in urban and non-urban areas | 67 |
| | by population group: | |
| | Percentage distribution and total number of dwellings | |
| | | |
| 6.8 | Refuse disposal in urban and non-urban areas | 71 |
| | by population group: | |
| | Percentage distribution and total number of dwellings | |
| | | |
| 6.9 | Telecommunication in urban and non-urban areas | 72 |
| | by population group: | |
| | Percentage distribution and total number of dwellings | |
| | | |
| 7 | HOUSEHOLDS IN URBAN AND NON-URBAN AREAS | |
| | | |
| 7.1 | By number of households, average household size, | 74 |
| | type of dwelling and population group | |
| | | |
| 8 | EDUCATION | |
| | | |
| 8.1 | Level of education of population 20 years and older by | 75 |
| | population group and gender | |
| | | |
| 8.2 | Persons (5 - 24 years) in urban and non-urban areas | |
| | attending school/college/university/ technikon, etc, | |
| | by population group, age and gender | |
| 8.2.1 | Number | 76 |
| 8.2.2 | Percentage distribution | 77 |
| | | |
| 9 | QUALITY OF LIFE | |
| 9.1 | By population group: | 78 |
| | Percentage distribution | |
| | | |
| 10 | HEALTH STATISTICS | |
| | | |
| 10.1 | Type of medical service in urban and non-urban areas | 79 |
| | usually consulted by distance, time of journey and | |
| | population group | |
| | | |
| 10.2 | Disabled persons in urban and non-urban areas | 81 |
| | by population group and gender | |
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EXPLANATORY NOTES
1. Definitions
1.1 Household
A household consists of a person or a group of persons who:
(i) eat together and share resources; and
(ii) normally reside at least four nights a week at the specific visiting point.
(iii) for the purposes of this survey, a live-in domestic worker is regarded as a separate household.
1.2 Enumerator area
For each population census, census districts are delimited beforehand into manageable geographical
units known as enumerator areas (EAs). The size of these enumerator areas (EAs) is determined by the
topography of the area, as well as by the number of visiting points within the area.
1.3 Visiting point
A visiting point is a physical address or a dwelling where a household or a group of households can be
found. There may be more than one household at a visiting point. A visiting point can be a house,
hotel, shop, house under construction, hut, tent, or a block of flats or apartments.
1.4 Not economically active population
The not economically active population consists of all persons, irrespective of age, who were out of
the labour market and who were neither employed nor unemployed as defined below at the time of survey.
1.5 Economically active population
The economically active population comprises all people aged 15 years or older who are working or are
available for work within the next week.
1.6 Workers
Workers are persons aged 15 years and older who worked for a wage or salary or for profit or family
gain, which was received in cash or in kind during the reference week (the seven days preceding the
interview). Persons who had started work in their present job and who were temporarily absent from
work during the reference week but still had a formal job attachment, are included.
1.6.1 Notes
A formal job attachment refers to all cases where an agreement exists regarding the continued receipt
of a wage or salary, or regarding a return to work following the end of the contingency (for example
illness, maternity leave) or a return on a specific date.
1.6.2 Persons engaged in the production of goods and services for own household consumption are considered
to be self-employed if such production makes an important contribution to the total consumption of
the household.
1.7 Unemployment
Unemployed persons are persons 15 years and older who
1.7.1 were not in paid employment or self-employed as defined above;
1.7.2 were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference week (the seven days
preceding the interview); and
1.7.3 took specific steps during the four weeks preceding the interview to find paid employment or
self-employment; or
1.7.4 had the desire to work and to take up employment or self-employment and were available to start
within the week of the interview.
1.7.5 Notes
Persons who comply with the definitions above and who
1.7.5.1 had made arrangements to take up paid employment or undertake self-employment at a date subsequent
to the interview date; or
1.7.5.2 are temporarily absent from their jobs with no formal job attachment are regarded as unemployed,
because there is no guarantee that they will continue to be employed.
1.8 The strict and expanded definitions of unemployment
At least two definitions of unemployment are used in South Africa - the strict and expanded
definition. Both definitions include people who are aged 15 years or older, and who are not
employed, but who are available for work. But they differ from each other in the following way. A
requirement of the first or strict definition is that a given individual has taken specific steps
to seek employment in the four weeks prior to a given point in time. The second or expanded
definition focuses on the desire to work, irrespective of whether or not the person has taken active
steps to find work.
1.9 Underemployment and part-time workers
Persons underemployed comprise the workers, as defined above, (par. 1.6) who (whether at work or
not) involuntarily worked less than 35 hours during the reference week and who were seeking or had
the desire for full-time or additional work during the reference week.
1.10 Invisible underemployment
This category is not measured by the survey but consists of workers who are "overqualified" for
their occupations and those making use of "inefficient" work procedures.
1.11 The official unemployment rate
The official unemployment rate represents the actual number of unemployed persons as determined in
accordance with the expanded definition of unemployment, expressed as a percentage of the relevant
economically active population.
1.12 The informal sector
The informal sector consists of all people or businesses which are not registered and/or who defined
themselves as being in the informal sector at the time of the survey.
2. Availability of data set
In order to ensure optimal utilisation of this valuable source of information, the CSS would
encourage users to purchase the data set at a minimal cost and to do their own analyses of the data.
This data set will be available on tape or stiffy as from 11 December 1996. Any further queries may
be directed to the User's Enquiries Component (tel. (012) 310-8095).
3. Availability of narrative report
A separate narrative report (text and graphs) on selected findings has been written and is available
from the CSS.
4. Provincial tables
Tables for all provinces are being prepared.
5 Abbreviations and symbols used
T = Total
M = Male
F = Female
- = nil or not applicable
0 or 0,0 = more than nothing, but less than half the final figure shown
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