Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Combining census and survey data to construct a poverty map of South Africa

Appendix - Maps (.pdf 2.4 MB)
Appendix - Maps (Download 1.8 MB)
Introduction
Methodology
Data
Comparing Census ’96 income and IES expenditure
Imputing expenditures in Census ’96
Poverty mapping using imputed expenditures from Census ’96
The way forward: Stats SA and the World Bank
Concluding discussion
References

Chapter 3: Key baseline statistics for poverty measurement
Introduction
Definition of poverty
Poverty estimates
    Imputations of monthly household expenditure
    Comparisons with other countries
Overall results of Census ’96
    The people of South Africa
    The households of South Africa
Poor households in South Africa
    Monthly household expenditure by gender of household head and province
    Monthly household expenditure by population group and gender of household head
    Monthly household expenditure by urban/non-urban place of residence and by
    province
    Monthly household expenditure by population group and urban/non-urban
    place of residence
    Monthly household expenditure by gender and urban/non-urban place of
    residence
Living conditions of the poor in South Africa
    Poverty and living conditions
    Poverty and type of dwelling
    Poverty and access to infrastructure and services
    Differences in access to services in urban and non-urban areas
    Integration

Life circumstances of the poor in South Africa
    Level of education and expenditure among the employed, by population group
    Monthly expenditure by occupation and gender among the employed
Stats SA development indices
    Provincial differences
    Calculating the Stats SA development indices
    The Stats SA household infrastructure index
    The Stats SA household circumstances index
    Comparing the indices
    Comparing with other indices

Chapter 4: Earnings inequality in South Africa, 1995-1998
Introduction
Methodology
    Calculating income
    Pay and earnings
    Computing individual income
Results
    Inequality
    Population group and gender
    Conclusion
References

Chapter 5: Income distribution in South Africa: a social accounting matrix approach
Introduction
Income distribution and social accounting matrix
Income distribution in South Africa
    Tax patterns of households
The economic impact of changing the distribution of income
    Impact on the present level of economic activity
    Redistribution options
Conclusion
References

List of Tables, Figures and Maps


Chapter 2: Combining census and survey data to construct a poverty map of South Africa

Tables
Table 1:    Comparison of household income from Census ’96 and household
    expenditure from the IES
Table 1A:    Comparison of imputed expenditure from Census ’96 and household
    expenditure from the IES
Table 2:    Simple and rank correlation coefficients between Census ’96 income and
    IES expenditure
Table 3:    Regression of goodness of fit on area of residence and mean expenditure
    (province level)
Table 4:    Regression of goodness of fit on area or residence and mean expenditure
    (province/EA-type level)
Table 5:    Regression of goodness of fit on area of residence and mean expenditure
    (district council level)
Table 6:    Regression of goodness of fit on area of residence and mean expenditure
    (magisterial district level)
Table 7:    Regression results by province

Appendix
Appendix Table 1:     Headcount index by province
Appendix Table 2:    Headcount index by district council
Appendix Table 3:    Headcount index by magisterial district

Maps
Map 1:    Poverty distribution in South Africa
Map 2:    Poverty distribution based on monthly expenditure in South Africa by     province
Map 3:    Poverty distribution based on monthly expenditure in South Africa by
    district council
Map 4:    Distribution of poverty based on monthly expenditure in Eastern Cape by
    magisterial district
Map 5:    Distribution of poverty based on monthly expenditure in Free State by
    magisterial district
Map 6:    Distribution of poverty based on monthly expenditure in Gauteng by
    magisterial district
Map 7:    Distribution of poverty based on monthly expenditure in KwaZulu-Natal
    by magisterial district
Map 8:    Distribution of poverty based on monthly expenditure in Mpumalanga by
    magisterial district
Map 9:    Distribution of poverty based on monthly expenditure in Northern Cape by
    magisterial district
Map 10:    Distribution of poverty based on monthly expenditure in Northern Province
    by magisterial district
Map 11:    Distribution of poverty based on monthly expenditure in North West by
    magisterial district
Map 12:    Distribution of poverty based on monthly expenditure in Western Cape
    by magisterial district

Folded wall map of Poverty in South Africa inserted on inside of back cover page

Chapter 3: Key baseline statistics for poverty measurement

Tables
Table 1:    The population of South Africa by province and gender
Table 2:    South African households in urban and non-urban areas by province
Table 3:    Monthly household expenditure by province and gender of household head
Table 4:    Monthly household expenditure in urban and non-urban areas in each
    province
Table 5:    Monthly household expenditure by population group and urban/non-urban
    place of residence
Table 6:    Access to housing by monthly household expenditure and population group
    of household head
Table 7:    Access to facilities by monthly household expenditure and population
    group of household head
Table 8:    Monthly expenditure among the employed aged 20 years or more by
    population group and level of education
Table 9:    Scores obtained in each province for each variable constituting the two
    Stats SA development indices
Table 10:    Loadings obtained by each variable on each component constituting the
    two Stats SA development indices (after rotation)
Table 11:    Cut-off points for calculating the Stats SA household infrastructure index
Table 12:    Scores obtained by each province on the Stats SA household infrastructure
    index
Table 13:    Scores obtained by each province on the Stats SA household infrastructure
    index after taking number of households into account
Table 14:    Scores obtained by each province on the Stats SA household circumstances
    index after taking number of households into account
Table 15:    Comparing the scores and rankings on Stats SA’s household infrastructure
    and household circumstances indices

Figures
Figure 1:    Monthly household expenditure by population group and gender of
    household head
Figure 2:    Monthly household expenditure by urban or non-urban place of residence
    and gender of household head
Figure 3:    Percentage of African and coloured households with electricity for lighting
    in urban and non-urban areas, by expenditure quintile
Figure 4:    Monthly household expenditure by occupation and gender of household
    head

Chapter 4: Earnings inequality in South Africa, 1995-1998

Table
Table 1:    Cut-off points for categorical analysis (Rands per month)

Figures
Figure 1:    Gini coefficients on pay and earnings, 1995-1998
Figure 2:    Gini coefficients on pay for African, coloured and white people, 1995-1998
Figure 3:    Dikhanov diagram of pay, 1998
Figure 4:    Distribution of monthly per capita pay income by population group, 1998
Figure 5:    Distribution of monthly per capita earnings by population group, 1998
Figure 6:    Distribution of monthly per capita pay income by population group and
    gender, 1998
Figure 7:    Distribution of monthly per capita earnings by population group and
    gender, 1998

Chapter 5: Income distribution in South Africa: a social accounting matrix approach

Tables
Table 1:    Income class (household per capita income) designation
Table 2:    Income distribution in the South African economy
Table 3:    Propensity to save by quintile (%)
Table 4:    Tax patterns in South Africa (%)
Table 5:    Gross domestic product generated per unit of income
Table 6:    Impact on imports per unit income
Table 7:    Approximate indicators of the effect of some altered income distributions
    in South Africa: 1988
Table 8:    Approximate indicators of the effects of some altered income distributions
    in South Africa: 1988